Essay about The Role of Women in the Epic of Gilgamesh

What if women ruled the world? The question does not seem so strange today as it may have back in 2500 B.C.E., an age when people tell stories of the Great King of Uruk--Gilgamesh. Although the story of â€Å"Gilgamesh† revolves around themes of masculinity and brotherhood--with its male prerogative, its composers develop several strong female characters which suggest women have great influence in a male-dominated, Mesopotamian society. The first female character that influences a man is the prostitute. She is left at the spring by the hunter so that she can sleep with Enkidu and make the other animals abandon him. According to the tale, Enkidu acts like an animal. Nonetheless he is drawn to the prostitute. She is wise and knows the nature†¦show more content†¦She pleads with Shamash the sun and moon god on her son’s behalf. She also adopts Enkidu and calls on the gods to protect him, but she places a charm on his neck and calls for Enkidu to protect his friend—Gilgamesh. This invocation eventually damns Enkindu and saves her son as they go on the quest to fight Humbaba and later the bull of heaven. Ninsun’s influence with the gods shields her son from death but sacrifices Enkindu. Enkindu realizes his fate as he lies on his death bed; â€Å"The gods have said that one of us must die†¦. .Enlil said I must die, for you are two-thirds god and should not die. . . I know they ha ve chosen me† (Mason 46). Ninsun does everything to protect her son, even if it means influencing the gods and sacrificing Enkidu. Another female that influences her man is Utnapishtim’s wife. She is a lessor character who lives with the wise man of Shurupak. She intercedes with her husband when Gilgamesh comes to him for the answer to eternal life. Utnapishtim tells him the story of the flood but Gilgamesh, overcome with tiredness from his journey, falls asleep. Utnapishtim is angered that Gilgamesh cannot stay awake. At this point his wife intercedes for Gilgamesh asking her husband to wake him so he can go back to his home. Instead, Utnapishtim tells her to bake a loaf of bread for each day Gilgamesh sleeps. Eventually Utnapishtim’s wife encourages him to have mercy on Gilgamesh; â€Å"His wife whispered to him; saying: He has come so far. HaveShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Women In The Epic Of Gilgamesh1189 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh follows a tale of two brothers tasked with defeating an all-powerful beast, yet they aren’t the most important characters in this story . Without their wisdom and guidance, Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s journey would have ended a lot sooner, and Gilgamesh would have still rampaged in Uruk, never bringing peace to those who were below him. Aruru, Shamhat, Ninsun, Ishtar, Siduri, and Utanapishtim’s wife all contribute to Gilgamesh’s journey, and in the end, provide Gilgamesh with theRead MoreThe role of women in The Epic of Gilgamesh1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of women is a very important topic in The Epic of Gilgamesh, and various women are chosen to represent various aspects of the mesopotamian conception of women. In the ancient times males were inessential to the preservation of life. The Epic of Gilgamesh shows how the inability of males to give birth causes a sense of despair and alienation. While the representation of women might seem confusing at first with its wide range of traits, the epic tries to demonstrate all aspects of womenRead More The Role of Women in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesstarts off with Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk, who is one third man and two thirds god. This story is about a mans quest for immortality in addition to the importance of boundaries between the realms of animal, man and gods. Women symbolize the importance of locative boundaries in the text. These boundaries are set by the harlot Shamhat, Ishtar, Siduri, the tavern keeper, Ninsun and Utanapishtims wife. By giving women this role of wisdom and boundary enforcement, The Epic of Gilgamesh reflects how MesopotamianRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in the Epic of Gilgamesh436 Words   |  2 PagesThe Role of the Women in the Epic of Gilgamesh Stories reflect and mirror culture. Some writers write about how things currently are in their own society and the position that certain people hold in that society. It is because of that kind of thought and style of writing that a reader can learn and in some ways better understand the hierarchical position of peoples in a society at a particular time in history. In ancient Mesopotamia, women had fewer privileges and rights then the men. DespiteRead More Role of Women in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay959 Words   |  4 Pages2700 years ago there lived a king by the name of Gilgamesh who ruled the city of Uruk in Mesopotamia now known to us as modern day Iraq. Parts of his life are written on clay tablets believed to be the oldest existing written story of a man’s life. (XI). â€Å"The epic of Gilgamesh†, is the story of his quest for eternal life. In this paper I will be writing about the influence that the women in his life have played in his quest. The women are, Shamhat, Ninsun, Ishtar, and, â€Å"The tavernRead MoreRoles Of Gilegosh And The Power Of Women In Gilgamesh1440 Words   |  6 Pagesmen over women varied greatly, with women typically being in the position of less power and influence. Although women seem to play a less apparent role, women are essential for both the continuation of life and the nurturing of the future, signifying that the power of women is very potent. The women of Gilgamesh are goddesses, priestesses and a variety of other roles, each with their own set of skills, guide Gilgamesh throughout the epic. Despite the perception of some scholars that the women of GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : The Struggle For Women1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe struggle for women to play a significant role in history can be traced from the ancient Mesopotamians to the 1900’s. There has been a continuous battle for women to gain equal rights legally and to be treated equally in all aspects of life. The Epic of Gilgamesh contains some of the oldest recorded accounts of the roles of women and their importance in a functional society. Women have been viewed as anything from goddesses to unwanted servants throughout history, regardless of a variety of changesRead MoreGender Inequality In Gilgamesh Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pageshas always been a gender inequality separating the roles and power of men from women. Most societies were patriarchal, emphasizing male dominance in society and directing women towards a more idle role so that they were more ornamental than influential. Through this gender division, women would take on the less powerful role as a nurturing mother, or caring wife over and over again in several ancient societies up to modern day societies. In Gilgamesh, male characters are emphasized much more thanRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By William Shakespeare876 Words   |  4 Pagesstory, known as the world’s oldest written tale, is The Epic of Gil gamesh. This poem happens to be from that very time period in Mesopotamia and it clearly exhibits the values and views of the people from that era. It achieves this through Gilgamesh’s behavior at the beginning of the tale, the way in which women are perceived, and the heavy role played by the gods throughout the entirety of the epic. The first way in which The Epic of Gilgamesh succeeds in portraying the ideals and principles ofRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By Andrew George And Monkey Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesexasperating. Women who express their sexual sides are viewed as loose, disrespectful to themselves, or despicable. People often forget that women can be powerful and sexual beings. Women in society, nowadays and even three thousand years ago have always dealt with these problems simply because they are not male. A woman could show complete class, intelligence, and ambition and portray herself to be a powerful or even sexual being and she would still be given a hard time. The Epic of Gilgamesh translated

Task 4 Project Appraisal Example

Essays on Task 4: Project Appraisal Essay Project Appraisal Project appraisal entails assessing, the case for proceeding with a project in a structured way. From the time to time organizations need to determine the current and the future needs of their business. This may be in the form of acquiring new plant, machine, technology or replacement of the old equipment. All these require good planning, analysis and selection of the appropriate project in order to ensure that scarce resources are effectively and efficiently utilized. In this financial case, there are two projects that are to be evaluated so as to achieve better spending decisions for capital. The organization has two options to choose from. One, it weighs between buying a lorry for its marketing department or upgrading the computer systems in its marketing department so as to increase sales for the organization and enhance its competition in the market. The initial capital spending for the purchase of the lorry is  £10 000 and for the upgrading of the computer system would cost an initial capital of  £5 000.The economic life of the lorry is estimated to be five years without any residual value and the upgrading of the computer system in the marketing department is to be done after every five years and, therefore, in this case its economic life was taken as five years with no residual value. The values for the estimated revenues are as indicated below; A lorry up grading computer systems Year Revenue expected ( £) Revenue expected ( £) 0 (10 000) (5 000) 1 2 500 4 000 2 2 000 3 000 3 2 000 2 000 4 1 000 1 500 5 1 000 1 000 The purpose of project appraisal is to establish whether a project is worthwhile in the light of its costs in forms of resources commitments and the projects expected benefits. As Hendrickson and McNeil (2000) put it, â€Å"Selection is made on the basis of a systematic analysis of expected revenues and cost overtime for each project alternatives.† After estimation of the revenue expected from the projects then the following step is to do the analysis of the projects so as to choose the feasible one(s) that would increase the organizations value and its net worth. Several techniques can be used to appraise various projects such as payback method, internal rate of return, net present value and many others. For this financial case, as indicated by Harold Bierman and Seymour Smidt (2012). â€Å"We continue to advocate the net present value method. In practice, most projects are analyzed using an estimate of the expected cash flow. The most common procedure for coping with risk i s to use a risk-adjusted discount rate.† The net present value scheme is used to appraise the two projects and then used to select the best project for the organization. Purchase of a lorry Year present values factors (PVF) revenue expected ( £) Present values ( £) 0 1 (10 000) (10 000) 1 0.9091 2 500 2272.75 2 0.8264 2 000 1652.80 3 0.7513 2 000 1502.60 4 0.6830 1 000 683.00 5 0.6209 1 000 620.90 Net present value (NPV) (3267.90) Up grading computer system Year PVF revenue expected ( £) Present values ( £) 0 1 (5 000) (5000) 1 0.9091 4000 3636.40 2 0.8264 3000 2479.20 3 0.7513 2000 1502.60 4 0.6830 1500 10 24.50 5 0.6209 1000 620.90 Net present value 4263.60 The appraisal of the two projects illustrates that the purchase of the lorry for the marketing department to carry out marketing activities for the organization is not viable as it would only contribute negatively to the organization. The net present value a negative value which means in five years after the purchase of lorry the returns that it shall bring to the organization would be less than the cost incurred to purchase it hence it would reduce the net worth of the organization in the long run. Therefore, the lorry should not be purchased as it has a negative return, -3267.50. On the other hand, upgrading of the computer system in the marketing department has proven to be feasible. This is due to the good cash flow that it can generate for the organization. In today’s world, most customers prefer to purchase various products from the organization through online. This will contribute to the greater cash flow to the organization due to wider market reach if the system is up graded. The projects’ net present value is positive, +4263.60, which means that, its contribution to the organization will improve the organizations net worth. Therefore, the upgrading of the computer system in the marketing department should be implemented. In conclusion, capital expenditure is money or resources that a company uses to acquire or upgrade a business asset so that it increases its net worth in the long run. Various organizations need to make different economic decision of which if not done well may hamper the operation of the organization or any of its departments. These various alternatives need to be evaluated and appraised so that the best is selected. This increases the capacity or efficiency of the organization due to proper allocation and utilization of the resources References Hendrickson, C, McNeil, S, 2000, Project selection from alternatives, Boca Raton: CRC press LLC. Harold Bierman, Jr, Seymour Smidt, 2012, Business economics, Routledge.

Business Capstone Project Management

Question: Discuss about the human resource management. Answer: 1.0 Introduction Human Resources are the main assets of every organization, as each task is ultimately done through them. Therefore, every organization should maintain their human resources properly with great care and proper guidance. Human resource management (HRM) is the process to manage the employees within organization through structured and proper manner. It is the total process of recruiting, selecting, giving induction, appraising performance, providing training, managing compensation, motivating and managing safety and welfare of the employees (Zeb, Rehman and Saeed 2014). Properly managed human resource management can maximize the utilization of limited skillful workforce. The macro perspective of HRM is to build a collaborative relationship among the employees and management. The basic focus of human resource management is to acquire, develop and retaining the talented employees so that they can be aligned with the business purpose of the organization effectively (Tata et al. 2013). The main evidence and need of human resource management can be seen in retail industry. The employees of retail organizations have to interact with the customers in continuous ways that increase their work pressure. It needs greater motivation for the employees in retaining them for longer term. Employee motivation is related to fulfillment of employees needs that encourage them to pursue their job efficiently (Shields and Kaine 2015). As the work pressure of the employees in retail organization is very high, they need to be compensated properly according to their contribution in organization in organizational success. 1.1 Background of the Study This research is emphasizing on importance of proper compensation management on motivation of employees. Extrinsic motivations are the external factors that encourage the employees to fulfill a particular task in the workplace. Every organization needs to retail their employees in a long-term basis for increasing the productivity and reputation of the employees (Li et al. 2016). It needs high level of motivation of the employees through fulfilling all their demands properly. In this situation, organizations are trying to develop proper motivational strategy through providing competitive pay, bonus for extra work and incentives and profit sharing of the organization (Dinwoodie, Quinn and McGuire 2014). On the other hand, organizations are also concerned with providing intrinsic motivation the employees for increasing motivation level towards their job role. The organizations are concerned with providing recognition to the employees through proper performance appraisal, empowerment and promotional opportunities (AbuKhalifeh and Som 2013). It is significant for the organizations to filter out the motivational tools of the employee, so that they can get the best of their employees through meeting all the needs. 1.2 Problem statement Employee motivation is highly required in retail organization due to high work pressure upon the employees. Employees are to deal with the customers in a constant basis that creates lot of patience level on the part of employees (de Waal and Jansen 2013). Often, it can be found that retail organizations are not providing proper reward and recognition to their employees and they are de-motivated towards their job role. Tesco is the third largest retail multinational grocery established in United Kingdom (Tesco.com 2016). However, it can be found that the organization is not able to properly manage compensation of the employees. It can be found that retail organizations often focus on earning profit for the organization and thereby, increasing the working hours for the employees (Kaur 2014). Apart from that, the organizations do not provide extra reward and recognition to their employees that are diminishing their motivation level. Managers of many retail organizations are only concern ed with monetary reward and they are not providing recognition to their employees (Buengeler, Homan and Voelpel 2016). Apart from that, it can also be found that the employees are not getting proper support from the leaders of the organization. All these factors are decreasing the motivation level of the employees that is resulted increasing attrition rate. 1.3 Research Aims The research is aimed at examining the reward and recognition system applied by Tesco. The aim of the research is to identify the issues related to reward and recognition system in increasing the motivation of Tesco as a part of human resource management. 1.4 Research Objectives To identify the importance of reward and recognition system in increasing employee motivation To identify reward and recognition strategies applied in Tesco for increasing the motivation level of employees To examine the issues faced by Tesco in motivating their employees To offer suitable recommendation to Tesco for improving their reward and recognition system 1.5 Research Question What is the importance of reward and recognition system in increasing the motivational level of employees? What are the reward and recognition strategies applied in Tesco towards motivating their employees? What are issues faced by Tesco in motivating their employees? What reward and recognition strategies should Tesco adopt for motivating their employees? 1.6 Research Hypothesis H0: Reward and recognition have no impact on employee motivation H1: Reward and recognition have impact on employee motivation 1.7 Structure of the research proposal The structure of the research proposal follows an effectively structured framework to obtain accurate outcome of the researcher. The outline of the research study has been described in the following: Introduction: In this section, the researcher will provide background information of the research study. Apart from that, the researcher will also demonstrate problem statement for the study for discussing the issues on which the research will be conducted. On the other hand, this chapter will also be consisted of research objectives and research questions that will be helpful to collect relevant information of the research topic. Literature Review: In this section, the researcher will describe various concepts from the existing literature of related research topic. Various models and theories regarding the research topic will also be described in this research study. The literature review section will also demonstrate various evidences from different organizational perspectives about the research topic. Methodology: This chapter will be consisting of research methodology that will be comprised of research approach, research design, data collection process and sampling techniques. Implementation of proper research methodology assists the researcher in collecting relevant information regarding the research topic. Discussion of Results: This chapter of the research proposal will be focused on discussion if hypothesis set by the researcher. This section will provide implications based on the literature review and background assumption. The section will also provide recommendation on improving the implementation of research topic on organizations. Conclusion and Future Work: This section of research study will provide brief summary regarding the research topic discussed in the whole study. This section will also provide suggestion on improving further research on same topic. Reference List Abdullah, M.M.B. and Tar, J.J., 2012. The influence of soft and hard quality management practices on performance.Asia Pacific Management Review,17(2). AbuKhalifeh, A.A.N. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. The antecedents affecting employee engagement and organizational performance.Asian Social Science,9(7), p.41. Bell, N., 2013. Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance.Public Administration Review,73(1), pp.143-153. Brown, D. and Reilly, P., 2013. Reward and Engagement The New Realities. Compensation Benefits Review,45(3), pp.145-157.